You can view the metrics for a Queue on your account via the Cloudflare dashboard ↗. Navigate to Workers > Queues > your Queue and under the Metrics tab you'll be able to view line charts describing the number of messages processed by final outcome, the number of messages in the backlog, and other important indicators.
The metrics displayed in the Cloudflare dashboard charts are all pulled from Cloudflare's GraphQL Analytics API. You can access the metrics programmatically.
The Queues metrics are split across three different nodes under viewer > accounts. Refer to Explore the GraphQL schema to learn how to navigate a GraphQL schema and discover which data are available.